Threats against environmental defenders are spread across all major islands in Indonesia. Based on Auriga documentation, there were 158 cases recorded from 2014 to 2024. The most cases occurred in Java (42 cases) and Sumatra (41 cases), followed by Sulawesi (26 cases), Kalimantan (25 cases), Bali and Nusa Tenggara (16 cases), the Maluku Islands (5 cases), and Tanah Papua (3 cases).

This threat occurs in almost all provinces in Indonesia. Several provinces with the highest number of cases include North Sumatra (16 cases); Central Java and East Nusa Tenggara (11 cases each); East Java, Central Kalimantan, and Jakarta (10 cases each); West Java (9 cases); Southeast Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and East Kalimantan (7 cases each); and South Sulawesi (6 cases). Meanwhile, the provinces with 4 cases each are Bengkulu, Jambi, West Kalimantan, North Maluku, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung Islands, and West Sumatra. The provinces with fewer cases include Aceh (2 cases), as well as Riau, Papua, West Papua, Maluku, Bali, and South Sumatra (1 case each)

Threats against Environmental Defenders tend to increase year after year, especially in the second term of the Jokowi administration which has consistently increased year after year. The years leading up to the election also show an increasing trend of threats against Environmental Defenders. Throughout 2024, there were 24 cases recorded by environmental defenders. This number could be higher than that recorded, because many cases occur in areas that are not recorded by the media, or by institutions that carry out community advocacy.

Criminalization is the most common type of threat experienced by Environmental Defenders in Indonesia, reaching 62.7% (99 out of 158 cases). This criminalization is not always in the form of a verdict by a panel of judges through the courts, but also being named a suspect by the police. In fact, the struggle carried out by Environmental Defenders must be seen as an effort to maintain and protect the environment so that more severe damage does not occur.

As in previous years, the mining and energy sector still occupies the top position as the most threatening to environmental defenders. Of the 158 cases, 69 occurred in the mining and energy sector. The plantation sector was the second largest contributor (39 cases), followed by the forestry sector (19 cases), agrarian/customary land (14 cases), fisheries and maritime (9 cases), and the environment (8 cases).