Threats against Environmental Defenders tend to increase year after year, especially in the second term of the Jokowi administration which has consistently increased year after year. The years leading up to the election also show an increasing trend of threats against Environmental Defenders. Throughout 2024, there were 24 cases recorded by environmental defenders. This number could be higher than that recorded, because many cases occur in areas that are not recorded by the media, or by institutions that carry out community advocacy.

Criminalization is the most common type of threat experienced by Environmental Defenders in Indonesia, reaching 62.7% (99 out of 158 cases). This criminalization is not always in the form of a verdict by a panel of judges through the courts, but also being named a suspect by the police. In fact, the struggle carried out by Environmental Defenders must be seen as an effort to maintain and protect the environment so that more severe damage does not occur.

As in previous years, the mining and energy sector still occupies the top position as the most threatening to environmental defenders. Of the 158 cases, 69 occurred in the mining and energy sector. The plantation sector was the second largest contributor (39 cases), followed by the forestry sector (19 cases), agrarian/customary land (14 cases), fisheries and maritime (9 cases), and the environment (8 cases).